All names of persons mentioned in the Romances, whether historical or supernatural, as well as all names of nations, national groups, and places (real or mythical), are entered in this Concordance with a complete list of occurrences. Main entries are written with glottal stops, shown by an H (as distinguished from the HU, which indicates the sound /w/), so that these entries, for comparison, can be more readily located in A Nahuatl-English Dictionary and Concordance to the Cantares Mexicanos (DICT). References to the Romances are by folio and line number: for example, 39v:17 (folio 39 verso, line 17). If the item is also found in the Cantares, a CM appears. In addition to definitions, in some cases, “key words” are given, meaning words or phrases used in the Translation in place of cumbersome glosses, where a particular Nahuatl term has no satisfactory English equivalent. Abbreviations are as follows.
cap., capítulo (chapter)
ch., chapter
d., died
fig., figuratively
g.n., group name (e.g. Huexotzincatl, Chichimecatl)
lib., libro (book)
lit., literally
para., paragraph
pc.n., place name, geographical name
p.n., personal name (male unless “female” is specified)
pl., plural
poss., possessive form
sec(s)., section(s)
Span., Spanish
syn., synonym(s)
var(s)., variant(s)
ACOLHUA or ACOLHUATZIN or ACOLIHUATZIN, p.n.
1. Acolhuatzin, one of the founding “príncipes” of Acolhuacan, “del nombre común de la nación” (Clavijero 1958–59 1:160), whose name is usually recorded as “Aculhua” (see García Granados 1952–53 1:23–25), eleventh-century Acolhuan prince, who received Azcapotzalco as his province and became first ruler of the Tepanecs (IXT 1:298–99), d. 1239 (IXT 1:318). 40:2–3.
2. Figurative use? See 12:16 and accompanying note, CM.
3. Spurious interpretation? The glossator at 39v:14 sees a reference to NEZAHUALCOYOTL of Acolhuacan (cf. 40:2–3).
ACOLHUAH, var. ACOLIHUAH, pl. ACOLHUAHQUEH or ACOLIHUAHQUEH, g.n., Acolhuan(s), inhabitant(s) of Acolhuacan. 40:14–15, CM.
ANAHUAC, pc.n.
1. At the riverside or the seashore (CARO 20v).
2. Refers to MEXIHCO? Mexico nican […] anahuac ‘here in Mexico […] beside the waters’, CM 22v:26–29. 8v:12, 8v:16. Syn. MEXIHCO.
3. At the shores of paradise (see TEZ 402–3).
4. New Spain (Motolinía 1971b cap. 1), the known world before Cortés (ibid.: tierra grande cercada y rodeada de agua), Anahuac, the world. CM.
ATLIXCO or ATL IXCO, pc.n.
1. On water, on the face or surface of the water (MOL).
2. Fig., Mexico (cf. DICT atlan 3, atlihtic 3). Key word: Water Face (CM 60:10). 8:17. Syn. MEXIHCO.
3. Fig., battlefield (see DICT atl 2, atlihtic 5, atlixco 3). CM 24v:27.
4. Town in the Puebla region, associated with Huexotzinco, where Mexica customarily obtained victims in battle (DHIST cap. 29 and passim). 8:15 gloss, CM.
AXAYACATL or AXAYACATZIN, p.n.
1. Ruler of Tenochtitlan, d. 1481 (CC 57:36). 12v:1 gloss, 13:4, 13:12, CM.
2. Axayacatzin Xicotencatl, Tlaxcalan commander, d. 1521 (Gibson 1967:25–26). CM.
AYOCUAN or AYOCUANTZIN (18:11 ayocuatzin).
1. A woodland bird (FC 11:2:4–8).
2. Agami heron (?, see HG lib. 11 p. 236).
3. One of the leaders of the Mexicans prior to the founding of Tenochtitlan (UAH sec. 1).
4. Ayocuan the elder, ruler of Amaquemecan Itztlacozauhcan, Chalco, 1411–65 (CHIM 87 and 102). CM.
5. Ayocuan the younger, ruler of Amaquemecan Itztlacozauhcan, d. 1511 at age 20 (CHIM 44 and 232).
6. Name of one or more persons mentioned in the Annals of Cuauhtinchan, a town in the Tlaxcala-Puebla region (KHTC secs. 327 and 404), son of “Quetzpal” (KHTC sec. 366).
7. Unidentified; associated with Huexotzinco (?), CM (coupled with Cuetzpal at CM 9v:20 and 14v:13). 18:11 (ayocuatzin).
AZCAPOTZALCO, pc.n., town immediately northwest of Mexico, seat of the Tepanec realm and its powerful ruler TEZOZOMOC 1 until ca. 1426 (UAH) or 1430 (CC 47:35–36). 21:8 gloss.
CACAMATL or CACAMATZIN, p.n.
1. Ruler of Acolhuacan in 1519 (MEX), among the nobles who stood with Montezuma when Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan, 1519 (FC 12:43:10), imprisoned by Cortés (López de Gómara 1964 or 1988 ch. 91), secretly murdered by order of Cortés (TORQ 1:469–71). 5v:9 gloss, 6v:6–7, 30v:1, 30v:4.
2. Unidentified. CM.
CAHUALTZIN, p.n.
1. A Mexican leader in the Chalcan War (TEZ cap. 26). Coupled with Chimalpopoca, CM 18:22, with Montezuma, CM 20v:10. 4:15, 34:4, 34v:6.
2. Son-in-law of CHIMALPOPOCA 1 (MEX 98 and 105 or ACHIM 1:125 and 1:129). Same as 1, above?
3. Contemporary of MOTEUCZOMAH 1 (DHIST cap. 11 p. 99), brother of MOTEUCZOMAH 1 (CC 36:23). Same as 1, above?
CALMECAHUA, p.n., Tlaxcalan lord who greeted Cortés in Tlaxcala in 1519 (IXT 2:212), commiserated with him after his retreat from Mexico in 1520 (IXT 2:232), accompanied him in the siege of Mexico, 1521 (Muñoz Camargo 1892 lib. 1 cap. 12 p. 102). 10:13.
CHALCATL, pl. CHALCAH, g.n., native(s) of CHALCO. 15v:9–10, 15v:15–16, CM.
CHALCHIUHTLATONAC, p.n.
1. A founder of the Chalcan nation (IXT 2:17–19).
2. Fourteenth-century Chalcan leader (CHIM 172–73).
3. Fifteenth-century Chalcan leader (CHIM 199–200).
4. Indeterminate Chalcan leader. 14v:16, CM.
CHALCO, pc.n.
1. A province dominated by the city of Tlalmanalco (CMSA p. 56, Motolinía 1971b:206). 9:7, 14v:5 gloss, 15v:6, CM.
2. Chalcan lakeside town, formerly Chalco Atenco, now Chalco (TORQ 1:116).
CHANTLI, see TOCHAN.
CHIAUHCOATL or CHIAUHCOATZIN, see CHIYAUHCOATL.
CHICHIMECATL, pl. CHICHIMECAH, g.n.
1. Chichimec, an aborigine of the central highlands, a barbarian (for extended discussion see FC 10: ch. 29; for usages see CC 12:43–49 and 39:35–50). 15:8?
2. A rude tribesman of the northern part of the central highlands, a desert dweller (FC 11:256).
3. One who claims Chichimec ancestry (sensu 2, above) or who lives in Chichimec territory (sensu 1, above), i.e., an Aztec (Nahua), as opposed to Mixtecs, Zapotecs, Huaxtecs, etc. (DHIST cap. 59 p. 449 para. 9, FC 10:196–97), especially an Aztec nobleman or warrior, often used as a title. See 11:12 and accompanying note; 12:14, 17:9, 34:10–11 (chichimecatli yn tecpili), 40v:15, CM. See CHICHIMECATL TEUCTLI.
CHICHIMECATL TEUCTLI, vars. CHICHIMECATEUCTLI (CHIM 138), CHICHIMECATECUITLI (1:9), Chichimec Lord.
1. Title used by certain kings. With Tecayehuatzin, 1:9 (chichimecatecuitli), 10v:1; with Acolhuatzin, 40:1–2 (chichimecatl tecuitli); CM 10:8.
2. By extension, the supreme spirit, God. CM 31v:17, CM 61:21.
CHIMALPOPOCA or CHIMALPOPOCATZIN, p.n.
1. Ruler of Tenochtitlan, d. 1426 (CHIM 190). CM.
2. Ruler of Tlacopan, installed 1470 (CHIM 208), d. 1489 (IXT 2:157). 12v:1 gloss, 13:7–8, CM.
CHIYAUHCOATL or CHIYAUHCOATZIN or CHIAUHCOATL, p.n.
1. Chiyauhcohuatzin, one of the principal lords of Huexotzinco, along with TENOCELOTZIN, XAYACAMACHAN, and Texochimatitzin, before 1430 (TORQ 1:138), same as 2? 17:18.
2. Chiauhcoatl, lord of Tepeyacac (in the Puebla region) in 1441 and 1467, allied with TENOCELOTL of Huexotzinco in 1441 (CC 51:4, 53:38, cf. TEZ 306 and 309), same as 1?
3. Chiyauhcohuatzin, lord of Chiyauhtzinco in Huexotzinco, d. 1498 (CHIM 225); Chiauhcoatl, cuckolded NEZAHUALPILLI, d. 1498 (CC 59:17).
CITLALCOATL or CITLALCOATZIN, p.n.
1. Son of ITZCOATL and brother of MOTEUCZOMAH 1 (CC 36:24), served as tlacochcalcatl (a high official) under MOTEUCZOMAH 1 (CC 50:23–24). 4:14, 34:3, 34v:6.
2. Ruler of Toltitlan, a town in the Tepanec region (CC), at the time the Spaniards arrived (CC 31:29).
COACUECHTLI
1. Rattle of rattlesnake (MOL).
2. Coacuech, a rude Chichimec chieftain of the eleventh century, associated with the prehistory of Acolhuacan (IXT 2:22).
3. Coacuech, fourteenth-century governor of Tepeyacac, a town in the Puebla region (DHIST cap. 18 para. 51 p. 162).
4. Unidentified. 14v:8.
COATECATL, p.n.
1. Ancestral figure in the history of Totomihuacan (a town in the Tlaxcala-Puebla region) (KHTC secs. 288 and 294). 9v:17?
2. Ruler of Xiuhtepec, fourteenth-century (IXT 1:324).
3. Ruler of Tlatelolco, fourteenth-century (IXT 1:313).
4. Messenger sent by ITZCOATL (TEZ 278–79).
5. Gobernador of Tlacopan, ca. 1526 (IXT 1:494).
COATZIN, p.n.
1. Coatzin teuctli ‘Lord Coatzin’, a pre-Conquest lord of Quiahuiztlan, one of the four towns of Tlaxcala (Gibson 1967:200). 17v:10–11, CM.
2. Lord of Tepetlixpan Xochimilco, fl. 1459–65 (CHIM 203–4). CM.
CUAHCUAUHTZIN, p.n.
1. The first ruler of Tlatelolco (UAH sec. 218). See note to 32v:6, CM.
2. Lord of Tepechpan, whose beautiful wife was taken by NEZAHUALCOYOTL after causing Cuacuauhtzin’s death in battle (dubious story told in IXT 2:117–20 [cap. 43]). 26:12 gloss.
3. Same as 1? 26:16, 26v:5, 27v:1, CM.
CUATEOTL, p.n.
1. The elder, fourteenth-century ruler of the borough of Itzcahuacan in Tlalmanalco Chalco (CHIM 179).
2. The younger, fifteenth-century ruler of Itzcahuacan (CHIM 98, 102, and 195). CM.
3. Indeterminate Chalcan ruler. 15:4.
CUATLECOATL or CUATLECOATZIN, p.n., high official in MEXIHCO, rewarded by ITZCOATL for services in the war against AZCAPOTZALCO, ca. 1430 (TEZ 249 and 254, DHIST). 42v:2–3.
CUAUHQUIAHUAC, Eagle Gate, a portal with stone carvings on the south side of the main square, or temple compound, in Tenochtitlan (see FC 12:85:28–36, cf. FC 12 front matter: map). 10:19–20, CM.
CUAUHTLAHTOATZIN, p.n., son of ITZCOATL and brother of MOTEUCZOMAH 1 (CC 36:25), 34v:7 (cuauhtlahuatzinn).
CUAUHTLAHUATZIN, see CUAUHTLAHTOATZIN.
CUAUHTZIN, p.n.
1. Fictitious name, Eagle, meaning any warrior? CM 76v:7.
2. Actual name of at least ten pre-Conquest nobles or warriors (see García Granados 1952–53).
3. Tenth- or eleventh-century ruler of Azcapotzalco (TORQ 1:253, cf. UAH for dates). 32v:6 gloss?
CUITLIZCATL, p.n., Tlaxcalan chieftain who aided Cortés in the siege of Mexico (IXT 2:256). Cuitlitzcaltecuitli = Lord Cuitlizcatl, 1:15.
DIOS, vars. DIYOS (8:4), TIOS (16:15), p.n., Span., dios, i.e., God. 1:12, 1v:15, 2:15, 3:8, 4v:13, 4v:17, 6:8, 6:15, 7:4, 7:9, 8:4, 9:9, 9:12, 9:18, 9v:17, 10:4, 10:7, 10v:8, 12:8, 12v:4, 12v:8, 12v:12, 12v:18, 15:18, 15v:5, 15v:12, 16:4, 16:9, 16:15, 16v:2, 19:10, 20:9, 20v:3, 22:2, 22v:11, 22v:13, 23:10, 24v:11, 30v:12, 31:13, 32:4, 32v:15, 34:10, 34:17, 35v:12, 35v:19, 36:13, 36v:12, 37v:15, 38:13, 40:8, 41v:14, 42v:4, CM. Syn. ESPIRITU SANTO; IPALNEMOHUA 2; MOYOCOYA 2; see TAHTLI; TEOTL; see TEUCTLI; see TEUCYOTL; TLALTICPAQUEH; see TONATIUH 3.
ESPIRITU SANTO, p.n., Span., espíritu santo, i.e., the Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost. 1v:15, CM (spiritu santo). Syn. DIOS.
HUEXOTZINCATL, pl. HUEXOTZINCAH, g.n., Huexotzincan(s), inhabitant(s) of HUEXOTZINCO 1. 31:9 gloss (Span. pl. Huexotzincas), CM.
HUEXOTZINCO, pc.n.
1. City or nation in the Puebla region often allied with TLAXCALLAN against Mexico, sometimes mingled with TLAXCALLAN in song texts. 1:17, 10:5 gloss, 10:12, 10v:2, 11:6, 34v:18, CM.
2. Huexotzinco, ‘Willow Place’, i.e., Mexico (see CMSA 29–30: Identification with the enemy). CM 63:27 (mexico nican huiya no yhui huexotzinco = ‘here in Mexico which is the same as Huexotzinco’), CM 82:16 (huexotzinco mexico). 10v:4–5.
ILHUICATLIHTIC or ILHUICATLIHTEC, pc.n., within the sky (CARO 21v); warrior’s paradise, home of the sun (FC 6:15:11); heaven (of Christianity) (MOLS parayso celestial). 39v:5, CM. Cf. OMEYOCAN, TAMOANCHAN.
IPALNEMOHUA, vars. IPALNEMOHUANI, IPALTINEMI (18:4, 18:13), p.n., lit., ‘he by whom one lives’.
1. Refers to Tezcatlipoca (Ponce 1984:211, FC 3:11:13).
2. Refers to God (CARO 17: Dios se llama ipalnemoani por quien se viue, el que da vida), i.e., Life Giver. 1v:17–18, 5:4, 5:12–13, 5:19, 6:11, 8:20, 12v:12, 15:12, 15v:3–4, 17:4, 17v:3, 17v:13, 18:4, 18:13, 19:17, 19v:18, 20:6, 20:9, 20v:8, 21:5, 21v:16–17, 22:16, 22v:6, 22v:11, 23:5, 23:9, 23:18, 24v:15–16, 25:2, 28:13, 28v:15–16, 29:10–11, 30:3, 30:11, 30:14, 30v:17–18, 31:4–5, 34:9, 34:15, 35:3, 36:15–16, 42v:8, CM. Syn. DIOS, MOYOCOYA, TLALTICPAQUEH.
ITZCOATL or ITZCOATZIN, p.n., ruler of Tenochtitlan, d. 1440 (MEX 109 or ACHIM 1:131). 11:2, 34v:9, 34v:13.
IZTAC COYOTL, p.n.
1. Early-fifteenth-century lord of Totomihuacan (a town in the Puebla-Tlaxcala region) (UAH secs. 86, 255, and 270). 9v:18? CM.
2. Iztaccoyotzin, a high official in the borough of Acxotlan in Tlalmanalco Chalco, fl. 1465 (CHIM 110, CHIM 204). CM.
MAHCEUHCATZIN or MAHCEUHQUI (CM), p.n., Dancer (MOL maceuhqui ‘baylador o dançador’), alternate name for TLACAHUEPAN 3. In Maceuhcatzin, in Tlacavepantzin, FC 6:13:2. 1:18, CM.
MARIA, see SANTA MARIA.
MATZIN, p.n., Tlaxcalan chieftain (caudillo tlaxcalteca) who led troops in support of Cortés in the siege of Mexico (IXT 2:215). 10:13.
MEXIHCO, pc.n., Mexico, city state comprising the twin boroughs of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco, site of present Mexico City. 8v:6, 12v:1 gloss, 13:14, 13v:1, 31v:9, 31v:17, CM. Syn. ANAHUAC 2, ATLIXCO 2, TENOCHTITLAN.
MICTLAN, pc.n., lit., dead land, i.e., the underworld (FC 3:39:6–30), hell (CARO 53v), warrior’s paradise in the sky (FC 6:11:21). 17:8, CM. Cf. QUENAMIHCAN, TOCHAN, XIMOHUACAN.
MOTEUCZOMAH or MOTEUCZOMAHTZIN, var. MOTECUIZOMAHTZIN, p.n.
1. Montezuma the elder, ruler of Tenochtitlan 1440–68 (MEX 110–11 or ACHIM 1:133), d. 1468 (MEX 111 or ACHIM 1:133). 4:15, 32v:17, 34:3, 34v:5, CM.
2. Montezuma the younger, ruler of Tenochtitlan 1502–20, d. 1520 (MEX 148–49 or ACHIM 1:157–59). 31:9 gloss, 31v:8, 31v:16, CM.
MOYOCOYA or MOYOCOYATZIN, p.n., Self Maker, i.e., the supreme spirit.
1. Tezcatlipoca (FC 3:12:19, FC 6:11:12).
2. God. Moyoco(ya)(tzin), 1:11–12, 4v:12, 4v:16–17, 19v:1–2, 22v:14, 24v:16. 30:10, 30:13–14, 41v:14. Syn. DIOS.
NANTLI, mother.
1. Tinan (should be tenan ‘one’s mother’ as at CM 60:6), title applied to an unidentified goddess, possibly St. Cecilia (CM 30:29). 7:12 (applied to St. Mary?).
2. Monantzin ‘your mother’ applied to St. Mary (CM 46v:16).
NEZAHUALCOYOTL or NEZAHUALCOYOTZIN, p.n., ruler of Acolhuacan 1431–72, d. 1472 (CC 47:39 and 55:11). 2v:6–7 (necãhualcoyotl tecuitli = Lord Nezahualcoyotl), 3v:8, 3v:19, 4:16, 6v:10, 11:3, 18v:9 gloss, 18v:12, 19:1, 21:8 gloss, 32v:6 gloss, 32v:17, 34:11, 34v:14, 38:11 gloss, 39:15–16, 39v:7, CM. Syn. YOHYONTZIN.
NEZAHUALPILLI or NEZAHUALPILTZINTLI, p.n., ruler of Acolhuacan 1472–1515, d. 1515 (CC 55:13 and 61:42). 6v:8, 12v:1 gloss, 13:8, CM.
OMEYOCAN, pc.n., Place of Duality, otherworldly abode of supernaturals (CC 4:46), where human life originates (FC 6:175:21). Cf. CM 35v:27 ome ycac ‘he [God] is as two’. Cf. FC 6:141:25–26, 6:168:11, 6:175:20: in vme tecutli, in vme cioatl ‘Two Lord, Two Woman [the creators of human life]’. 10v:14. Cf. ILHUICATLIHTIC, TAMOANCHAN.
PILLI, see TEPILTZIN.
POPOCATZIN, see 12:15 and accompanying note.
QUENAMIHCAN, attested in RSNE and CM only as the var. QUENONAMIHCAN. Some kind of place, how-is-it place, fig., the hereafter, the Place Unknown (FC 3:39:31). 24:17, 36v:8, 42:3, CM. Syn. MICTLAN, XIMOHUACAN.
SANTA MARIA, female p.n., Span. Santa María, i.e., Saint Mary. S maria, 10:2, CM (santa maria).
TAHTLI, father. Totatzin = Our Father, i.e., God, 3:8, 6:7, 20v:2, CM. Syn. DIOS.
TAMOANCHAN, pc.n.
1. Mythical place where human beings were created (CC 76:51–77:32). Note: of unknown derivation (Andrews 2003:503), the word appears to mean ‘home of Tamoan’ (CM 24:18 tamoan ychan, cf. Muñoz Camargo 1892:155 [lib. 1, cap. 19]), with the indicated thing or person variously called Tamin (CM 78v:28), Taminchon (CM 78v:30), or Tamo (CM 15:5); presumed Nahuatl and even Mayan etymologies are summarized in Lehmann 1974:334–37 and Davies 1977:101–4. 11:19–20, 11v:6–7 (tamohuãnichan), CM. Cf. ILHUICATLIHTIC, OMEYOCAN.
2. Extended or figurative usages. Tamo (vocable suggesting Tamoanchan), 10v:20, 34v:10; cf. CM 15:5. Cuauhtamiyohuanchan = Eagle Tamoanchan (figurative name for the battlefield?), 1:16.
-TEC, see TEUCTLI.
TECAYEHUATZIN, p.n., lord of Huexotzinco during the reign of MOTEUCZOMAH 2 (Muñoz Camargo 1892:113–15, TEZ 638–39 [“Tecuanhehuatzin” “Tecuan ehuatl”], TEZ 646 [“Tecuan ehuatl”], DHIST 454–57, TORQ 1:200). 1:9, CM.
TECUITLI, see TEUCTLI.
TEMAXAHUITZIN, p.n., one of the Tlaxcalan captains who aided Cortés in the siege of Mexico (Muñoz Camargo 1892:102 [lib. 1, cap. 12]). Written temayahuitzin at 10:14, 11:7–8, and 34v:19; tenmayahuitzin at 10v:8.
TEMAYAHUITZIN, see TEMAXAHUITZIN.
TEMILOTECATL, p.n., ruler of one of the four boroughs of Tlaxcala at the time of Cortés’ arrival (TORQ 1:416). See TEMILOTZIN 3.
TEMILOTZIN, p.n.
1. Son of the Huitzilihuitl who ruled Tenochtitlan until 1417 (IXT 2:37, cf. CC 32:6–8).
2. Styled tlacateccatl ‘commanding general’ in the siege of Mexico (FC 12:112:15), baptized as Pedro Temilo, served as tlatoani ‘ruler’ of Tlatelolco 1522–27(?) (FC 8:7:30). 2:16, CM.
3. Shortened form of TEMILOTECATL? On the apocopation of personal names in song texts, see GRAM 7.7. 1:14.
TENITL, p.n., see 11:13 (teni) and accompanying note.
TENOCELOTL or TENOCELOTZIN, p.n.
1. Ruler of Huexotzinco in 1362, son of XAYACAMACHAN 4 (CC 27:8).
2. One of the principal lords of Huexotzinco, along with XAYACAMACHAN 5, CHIYAUHCOATZIN, and Texochimatitzin, before 1430 (TORQ 1:138), ruler of Huexotzinco in 1430 and 1441 (CC 43:24 and 51:3). 17:17, 18v:4.
TENOCHTITLAN, pc.n., one of the twin boroughs of MEXIHCO,
the principal borough, also called “México,” called “San Francisco de México” after the Conquest (Motolinía 1971a:180–81 [tratado 3 cap. 7]). 11:2, 34v:13, CM.
TEOHUAH, lit., spirit owner.
1. Title of a priest who signaled the arrival of gods from the other world (FC 2:119:15–22).
2. Title held by certain Chalcan leaders (cf. TEOHUAH TEUCTLI). Key word: priest. 15:3, CM. See also TEOHUAHTZIN 2.
TEOHUAH TEUCTLI or TEOHUAH TECUITLI, spirit-owner lord, title held by various Chalcan leaders (ZCHIM 1:57:22: teohua teuhctli ‘spirit-owner lord’; CHIM 158, 173, and 184). 9:14, CM.
TEOHUAHTZIN, p.n.
1. Teohua, ruler of Calpan (CC 64:1), a “borough” of Huexotzinco (Muñoz Camargo 1892:51 [lib. 1 cap. 6]), in 1519 (CC).
2. Name for any Chalcan leader? Cf. TEOHUAH 2, TEOHUAH TEUCTLI. 15:13.
TEOTL, p.n. God (MOLS Dios ‘teotl’), spirit (DICT). 2:15 gloss, 19:10 gloss, 22:1, CM. Syn. DIOS.
TEPECHPAN, var. TEPEXPAN, pc.n., a town within the realm of TEXCOCO, i.e., within the realm of Acolhuacan (CC 64:34). 26:12 gloss.
TEPILTZIN, lit., ‘someone’s prince (or noble)’, apparently used as a title (CM 79v:7). 10:8, 13:3–4; cf. 10v:13, 13:11, 18v:4, 39:15, 39v:6.
TETZCOHCO, see TEXCOCO.
TEUCTLI, vars. TECUITLI, TECUITZINTLI, poss. -tec (CM) or -tecui (CM) or -teuc (CM). Nobleman (MOL tecutli), lord (DICT). Tecuitzintli = lord, 13:11–12. Notec = my Lord, i.e., God (cf. CM 79v:13 notec ‘my lord’), 8:3. Tecuitli = lord, 2v:7, 14v:15, 18:9, 18:12. See CHICHIMECATL TEUCTLI, CUITLIZCATL, NEZAHUALCOYOTL, TEOHUAH TECUITLI. Cf. TLATQUIC.
TEUCYOTL, abstract form of TEUCTLI, lordship, lord. Totecoyo (for toteucyo or totecuyo) = Our Lord, i.e., God, glosses at 2:17 (item 4), 3:8, 4v:13, 4v:17, 12:8, 12v:4, 12v:8, 12v:12, 12v:18, 15v:5, 15v:12, 16:4, 16:9, 16:15, 16v:2, 20v:3, 21:10, 22:2, 38:13, CM (totecuyo). Tocuiyc (copyist’s error for totecuiyo) = Our Lord, i.e., Christ, 10:1, CM (totecuiyo). Syn. DIOS.
TEXCOCO, vars. TEZCOCO, TETZCOHCO (CARO 56 and 97), pc.n., city state, seat of Acolhuacan (SIM). 5v:9 gloss (tezcuco), 12v:1 gloss (tezcuco).
TEZOZOMOC or TEZOZOMOCTLI or TEZOZOMOCTZIN, p.n.
1. Tezozomoc the elder, king of the Tepanecs 1343–1426, d. 1426 (UAH secs. 214 and 258, MEX 100 or ACHIM 1:127 Huehue Teçoçomoctli), or d. ca. 1430 (see CC 39:48 et seq.). 32v:6 gloss, CM.
2. Tezozomoc the younger, lord of Azcapotzalco ca. 1474–99, d. ca. 1499 (TORQ 1:254).
3. Son of ITZCOATL and father of AXAYACATL 1, never reigned (MEX 114 or ACHIM 1:135, TORQ 1:162).
4. Son of AXAYACATL 1 (TEZ 572, MEX 164 or ACHIM I:169). CM?
5. Ruler of Colhuacan when the Spaniards arrived (CC 63:52).
TIOS, see DIOS.
TIZAHUATZIN, p.n., lord of Toltitlan (UAH sec. 254), a town in the Tepanec region (CC), son of ITZCOATL (UAH). 25v:2–3, CM.
TLACAHUEPAN or TLACAHUEPANTZIN, p.n.
1. A god whose surrogate was sacrificed at the feast of Toxcatl (FC 2:73:8); name of a god identified with Huitzilopochtli (FC 3:25:6–8).
2. Brother of MOTEUCZOMAH 1, killed in the Chalcan War, mid-1400s (DHIST 145 [cap. 17, para. 4]).
3. Brother of MOTEUCZOMAH 2, died fighting in Huexotzinco in 1495 (CC 59:9) or ca. 1498 (AUB 49, MEX 135 or ACHIM 1:149) (see Brundage 1972:323). 1:18–19, 32:2, 32:10–11, CM. Syn. MAHCEUHCATZIN.
TLACAMAZATL
1. A bestial person (MOLS bestial hombre ‘tlacamaçatl’), CM. Cf. DICT mazatl/tochin ‘beast/wanton, an immoral person’.
2. Fictitious p.n., term of opprobrium? 14v:5 gloss, 15:8–9, CM.
TLACOMIHUATZIN, p.n., fourteenth- or fifteenth-century lord of the Tlaxcalan town of Ocotelolco (Muñoz Camargo 1892:74–79 and 95 [lib. 1 caps. 7, 8, and 11]). 17v:11, CM.
TLACOPAN, pc.n., Tepanec town near the western lakeshore just opposite Mexico, seat of the Tepanecs after 1428 (IXT 1:444–45), now called Tacuba (CARO 56v). 12v:1 gloss.
TLAHTOANI, ruler, king (of a pre-Conquest city state) (see HG 2:283–86 [lib. 8 cap. 1 paras. 1–19 and paras. 20–25], cf. FC 8:1:9–8:5:12). 34v:8, CM.
TLAILOTLAC, var. TLAILOTLAQUI, title held by various kings and officials in Mexico (MEX 115 or ACHIM 1:137, TEZ 352 Tlailotlatl), in Chalco (MEX 72 or ACHIM 1:107, CHIM 138–39), and in Tlaxcala? (see Muñoz Camargo 1892:73 [lib. 1 cap. 7 “Tlatlatactetzpantzin” = Tlaylotlactetzpantzin?]); magistrate, arbiter (title of a high judge, or judge’s advisor, in Mexico) (see TORQ 2:352). Key word: arbiter. 11v:3, 12:15, CM.
TLALMANALCO, pc.n., Chalcan capital (DHIST 22 [cap. 2 para. 8]). 15:12–13.
TLALTECATZIN (should be TLALTECCATZIN with var. TLALTEUCTLI, see DICT), p.n.
1. Fourteenth-century ruler of Cuauhchinanco (IXT 1:321). 7:1 gloss, CM.
2. Title or alternate name applied to Totoquihuaztli (TEZ 629, 634, 639), ruler of Tlacopan and lord of the Tepanecs when Cortés arrived in 1519 (CC 63:53), d. 1519 (IXT 2:236). 7:5, CM.
TLALTICPAQUEH, p.n., earth owner, world owner.
1. Refers to Tezcatlipoca (FC 6:4:33, Ruiz de Alarcón 1984:49).
2. Refers to God (CARO 7). 25:2–3, CM. Syn. DIOS.
TLALTZIN, p.n.
1. Tlaltzinteuctli ‘Lord Tlaltzin’, a ruler of Chalco, inaugurated 1441, d. 1465 (CC 51:7 and 53:12).
2. Same as 1? 17:18, 18:10 (‘O chief, O lord—it’s Tlaltzin!’).
TLATQUIC, lit., carrier or burden bearer, title used by Chalcan rulers (see CHIM 176, 202, and 264). Key word: chief. 14v:16, 18:9, CM.
TLAXCALLAN, pc.n., Tlaxcala, often allied with HUEXOTZINCO against Mexico. Note: the four principal cities of Tlaxcala province were regarded as boroughs of a single “city,” or “capital,” also called Tlaxcala (see DHIST 23 [cap. 2 para. 15] and cf. Heyden and Horcasitas in Durán 1964:348). 1:13, CM.
TOCHAN, pc.n., our home, the hereafter (FC 6:21:9). 42:11, CM. Cf. ILHUICATLIHTIC, MICTLAN, QUENAMIHCAN, XIMOHUACAN.
TONATIUH
1. Sun (MOL). CM.
2. Day, i.e., 24-hour period (DICT). CM.
3. p.n., Jesus (see 10:1 and accompanying note). CM.
TOTAHTZIN, see TAHTLI.
TZONTECOCHATZIN, p.n., elder brother of NEZAHUALCOYOTL (CC 35:31). 4:1.
XAYACAMACH or XAYACAMACHAN, p.n.
1. Early ruler of Tizatlan (the principal Tlaxcalan town) (Muñoz Camargo 1892:99–100 [lib. 1 cap. 12]), same as 3 or 4? CM.
2. A later ruler of Tizatlan (Muñoz Camargo 1892:100), same as 4 or 5?
3. A ruler of Huexotzinco in 1257 (CC 18:2).
4. A ruler of Huexotzinco in 1339 (CC 24:9).
5. Fifteenth-century ruler of Huexotzinco (TORQ 1:138, TEZ 476, DHIST 337 [cap. 43 para. 21]). CM.
6. Visitor to Mexico from Huexotzinco, 1515–18, assassinated by command of MOTEUCZOMAH 2 (CC 61:47, CC 63:26–36).
7. Indeterminate lord of Huexotzinco or Tlaxcala. A “prince” of Huexotzinco associated with CALMECAHUA, MATZIN, and TEMAXAHUITZIN, 10:12–13, 10v:9, 11:7. A Tlaxcalan (?) lord associated with COATZIN and TLACOMIHUATZIN, 17v:10.
XICOTENCATL, p.n.
1. Xicotencatl the elder, ruler of the Tlaxcalan borough of Tizatlan and of all Tlaxcala at the time of Cortés’ arrival, baptized as Lorenzo Xicotencatl (CC 63:57, Muñoz Camargo 1892:84 [lib. 1 cap. 9]). CM.
2. Axayacatzin Xicotencatl, son of 1 (Muñoz Camargo 1892:84 [lib. 1 cap 9]).
3. Motenehuatzin Xicotencatl, son of 1 and brother of 2 (Muñoz Camargo 1892:92 [lib. 1 cap. 9]). CM (Motenehuatzin).
4. Rodrigo de Castañeda, a soldier in Cortés’ army (CDHM 1:432), called “Castañeda Xicotencatl” (FC 12:95:26). CM.
5. Indeterminate Tlaxcalan warrior or leader. 1:14.
XIMOHUACAN, var. XIMOHUAYAN (CM), place where all are shorn, i.e., the dead land, the hereafter (TEZ 436 [cap. 55], FC 3:39:31, DICT). Note that the form ximohuacan would be disallowed by Andrews (2003:498). 24v:12. Cf. MICTLAN, QUENAMIHCAN, TOCHAN.
YOHYONTZIN, p.n.
1. Alternate name for NEZAHUALCOYOTL (CHIM 195). 2v:1, 2v:7, 2v:17, 3:10–11, 4:5, 10:8, 26v:9, 32v:14, 34:16, 34v:5, CM.
2. Don Jorge Alvarado Yoyontzin, youngest son of NEZAHUALPILLI and grandson of NEZAHUALCOYOTL, served as tlatoani of Acolhuacan for one year ca. 1531 (ACHIM 2:211–15, IXT 2:152, FC 8:10:26, Gibson 1964:170). CM.